{"id":596,"date":"2017-01-05T16:18:58","date_gmt":"2017-01-05T15:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/danielletan.fr\/?p=596"},"modified":"2021-03-09T18:25:56","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T17:25:56","slug":"clandestins-ou-victimes-de-la-traite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/danielletan.fr\/?p=596","title":{"rendered":"La crise des migrants \u00e0 Calais"},"content":{"rendered":"
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En route vers le Royaume-Uni<\/span><\/h2>\n

Enqu\u00eate de terrain aupr\u00e8s des migrants vietnamiens\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

(Recherche-action avec France Terre d’Asile et l’IRASEC)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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L\u2019objectif de cette \u00e9tude est de mieux comprendre les probl\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la migration vietnamienne \u00e0 destination du Royaume-Uni<\/span><\/strong>. En septembre 2009, les migrants vietnamiens ont fait une apparition tr\u00e8s discr\u00e8te dans le paysage m\u00e9diatique fran\u00e7ais, au moment du d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de leur camp \u00e0 Angres<\/strong><\/span>, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 100 km du littoral. On d\u00e9couvrait qu\u2019ils voulaient rejoindre le Royaume-Uni, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un eldorado. De l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la Manche, les autorit\u00e9s britanniques s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent de voir un nombre croissant de ces migrants clandestins, et en particulier des mineurs, \u00eatre exploit\u00e9s dans des \u00ab\u00a0usines\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 cannabis. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les Vietnamiens font partie des trois premi\u00e8res nationalit\u00e9s orient\u00e9es vers le NRM (National Referral Mechanism), un syst\u00e8me mis en place par le gouvernement britannique pour identifier les victimes de traite et d\u2019esclavage moderne<\/strong><\/span>. Leur nombre a tripl\u00e9 entre 2012 et 2015 (135 \u00e0 478). En 2015, les Vietnamiens arrivaient en deuxi\u00e8me position apr\u00e8s les Albanais. Alert\u00e9 par ce probl\u00e8me, France terre d\u2019asile a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de commander une enqu\u00eate sociologique sur ce groupe de migrants vietnamiens en transit dans le littoral de la Manche afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer leur prise en charge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate de terrain multi-sites a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite entre juillet et novembre 2016<\/strong><\/span>. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche a rencontr\u00e9 des migrants et \u00e9chang\u00e9 avec les acteurs qui sont en contact avec eux. L\u2019enqu\u00eate a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris qui constitue une \u00e9tape transitoire pour les migrants avant de passer au Royaume-Uni. Elle s\u2019est poursuivie \u00e0 Londres et \u00e0 Birmingham, o\u00f9 se concentre la majorit\u00e9 de la communaut\u00e9 vietnamienne au Royaume-Uni ; \u00e0 Calais qui constitue le n\u0153ud du passage, o\u00f9 la plupart des migrants vietnamiens arr\u00eat\u00e9s par la police sont plac\u00e9s dans le centre de r\u00e9tention administrative (CRA) de Coquelles ; \u00e0 Grande-Synthe, pr\u00e8s de Dunkerque o\u00f9 le nouveau camp de la Lini\u00e8re, ouvert en mars 2016, accueille un petit groupe de migrants vietnamiens ; et enfin \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0Vietnam City<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, un camp dans un bois \u00e0 Angres, pr\u00e8s d\u2019une aire d\u2019autoroute sur l\u2019A26, o\u00f9 la majorit\u00e9 des migrants vietnamiens passent pour rejoindre le Royaume-Uni en se cachant dans les camions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans une premi\u00e8re partie, nous tenterons, \u00e0 partir des t\u00e9moignages des migrants, de dresser leur profil, d\u2019exposer leurs motivations de d\u00e9part, et de d\u00e9crire leurs parcours migratoires. Nous verrons notamment ce qui distingue ce nouveau ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de migration vietnamienne, qui est de nature \u00e9conomique, de la vague de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s boat people <\/em>qui ont fui la prise de pouvoir par le r\u00e9gime communiste apr\u00e8s la fin de la Guerre du Vietnam. Dans une deuxi\u00e8me partie, nous analyserons la situation des migrants vietnamiens en transit dans le littoral de la Manche. L\u2019\u00e9tape de Calais est d\u00e9terminante dans le parcours des migrants \u00e0 destination du Royaume-Uni. La difficult\u00e9 accrue de passer, les conditions de vie pr\u00e9caires, ainsi que le co\u00fbt exorbitant du passage fragilisent les migrants et ce contexte les rend plus vuln\u00e9rables aux situations d\u2019exploitation. Enfin, dans la troisi\u00e8me partie, nous identifierons les facteurs de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 cette population migrante ainsi que les pistes d\u2019accompagnement possibles pour venir en aide aux victimes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

T\u00e9l\u00e9charger\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The objective of this study is to better understand the problems related to Vietnamese migration to the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/span>. In September 2009, Vietnamese migrants received very low-key coverage on the French media scene when their camp in Angres, 100 km from the coast, was closed. It emerged that they wanted to get to the United Kingdom, considered to be an El Dorado. On the other side of the English Channel, the British authorities were concerned at the increasing number of these illegal migrants, in particular minors, being exploited in cannabis factories. In recent years, the Vietnamese were one of the top three nationalities referred to the NRM (National Referral Mechanism),\u00a0<\/span>a system put in place by the British government to identify victims of human trafficking and modern slavery.<\/span><\/strong> Their numbers tripled between 2012 and 2015 (135 to 478). In 2015, the Vietnamese were in second position after the Albanians. When France Terre d\u2019Asile became aware of this problem, it decided to commission a sociological survey of this group of Vietnamese migrants in transit on the French coastline of the Channel in order to improve the support offered to them.<\/span><\/p>\n

A multi-site field survey was conducted between July and November 2016.<\/strong> <\/span>The research team met some of the migrants and talked with the organisations that are in contact with them. The survey started in Paris, which is a temporary destination for migrants before moving on to the United Kingdom. It was continued in London and Birmingham, where the majority of the Vietnamese community in the United Kingdom is concentrated; in Calais, which is the central hub of the migrants\u2019 passage, and where most of the Vietnamese migrants arrested by the police are placed in the immigrant detention centre (CRA) of Coquelles; in Grande-Synthe, near Dunkirk, where the new camp of La Lini\u00e8re, opened in March 2016, houses a small group of Vietnamese migrants; and finally in \u201cVietnam City\u201d<\/em>, a camp in a wood in Angres, close to a rest area of the A26 motorway, which the majority of the Vietnamese migrants pass through, hiding in lorries, to get to the United Kingdom.<\/span><\/p>\n

In section one, our aim is to set out the migrants\u2019 profile, explain their reasons for leaving their country and describe their migration routes, using their own oral accounts as a basis. In particular, we will look at what distinguishes this new phenomenon of Vietnamese migration, which is of an economic nature, from the wave of boat people<\/em> refugees who fled when the Communist regime seized power after the end of the Vietnam War. In section two, we will analyse the situation of the Vietnamese migrants in transit on the Channel\u2019s French coastline. The Calais stage is a critical one in the migrants\u2019 journey to the United Kingdom. The increased difficulty of managing to make the crossing, the precarious living conditions and the exorbitant cost of the crossing puts the migrants in a vulnerable condition and this context makes them more susceptible to situations of exploitation. Lastly, in section three, we will identify the vulnerability factors specific to this migrant population as well as the possible support approaches that can be taken to help victims.<\/span><\/p>\n

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En route vers le Royaume-Uni Enqu\u00eate de terrain aupr\u00e8s des migrants vietnamiens\u00a0 (Recherche-action avec France Terre d’Asile et l’IRASEC) L\u2019objectif de cette \u00e9tude est de mieux comprendre les probl\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la migration vietnamienne \u00e0 destination du Royaume-Uni. En septembre 2009, les migrants vietnamiens ont fait une apparition tr\u00e8s discr\u00e8te dans le paysage m\u00e9diatique fran\u00e7ais,… <\/p>\n

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